How to make a Reduction gear coupling

Step of operations: Here steps of making a reduction gear coupling described sequencely,

1.Casting: at first a wooden pattern have to make at pattern shop.
And at casting shop the job structure made by melted ms(mild steel) metal as desire size.

2. Welding: two parts ( round hollar shaft ber and plate ber) of job send to welding shop for joint.
proper welding is crying need in joint two parts.

3. Machining: After finished joint, it is set in lathe chalk for make smooth and turn to accurate size for joint between shaft and plate.  and also make larger (to fixed size) the hollar part.

4. Drilling and boring : After cut extra metals, the job send to drilling and boring section to make drill on round plate of coupling.

5. Heat treatment: When finished all operation on this job, then it send to Heat treatment section.  it is mast remind that after heat treatment,  any big operation for (e.g,  threading, drilling,  boring,  cutting, welding) those job not recognised.

6. Final machining : Finally extra metals (0.5 mm to 1 mm) removed by lathe operation.
and this measure come in final size.

7.Grinding : It is last operation for this job, this operation compleated  by grinding wheel on lathe or Horigental Grinding machine.

★★Caution: 

 1. We have to becareful to use measurement devices, like slide caliper, vernier gauge ,telescopic gauge.

2. To do lathe and grinding operations, then the machinist must be alert.

3. And heat treatment may be in accurate temperature. 

At last,  this send to inspection section for final inspection.

Posted by: Engr shaiful islam majumder
                  Mechanical technology
                  Bitac Dhaka
                  Dhaka, Bangladesh
e-mai : shaifulislammajumder@engineer.com

Micrometer and it's Calculation.

Micrometer is use to get accurate measure for a
parts.
it give a high accuracy then vernier calipers!!
vernier micrometer is highly use in Mechanical
engineering operations and also use for final
inspection in inspection section of any productional
industry.

kinds of micrometer : primary Micrometer is 2 parts,
♦ Inside micrometer.
(it is use to take। internal dia of any internal hollar
job)
♦ outside micrometer.
( Outside micrometer is used to determine accurate
outside Dia of any diagonal and circular job)
in industry Outside micrometer is mostly used.
By outside micrometer internal Dia also can be
taken.
then a extra parts need with original
Micrometer.
It is called Telescopic gauge.

Telescopic gauge: Telescopic gauge is use to
compare measurement between micrometer and
internal holed job. and help to take same and right
measurement.

Full calculation : Micrometer
The micrometer is an instrument used for the
accurate measurement of short lengths. It
consists essentially of a carefully machined
screw mounted in a strong frame. The object
to be measured is placed between the end of
the screw and the projecting end of the frame,
called the anvil. The screw is then advanced
until the object is gripped gently between the
two jars of the instrument. Most micrometers
are provided with a ratchet which is arranged
to slip on the screw as soon as a light and
constant force is exerted on the object. By
using the ratchet it is possible to tighten up
the screw by the same amount each time, and
thus avoid using too great a force. If this
arrangement is absent, great care should be
taken not to force the screw, for the
instrument may be easily damaged.
The micrometer used in this lab consists of a
screw with a pitch of 0.5mm, a longitudinal
scale engraved along a barrel containing the
screw, and a circular scale engraved around a
thimble which rotates with the screw and
moves along the scale on the barrel. The
longitudinal scale is divided into millimeters.
The circular scale has 50 divisions. Since the
pitch of the screw is 0.5mm, which is the
distance advanced by the screw on turning
through one revolution, it is clear that rotating
the thimble through one scale division with
cause the screw to move a distance of 1/50 of
0.5mm, or 0.01mm. Hence, readings may be
taken directly to one hundredth of a
millimeter and better by estimating part of a
division.
The reading of the micrometer is taken by
noting the position of the edge of the thimble
on the longitudinal scale and the position of
the axial line of the barrel on the circular
scale, and adding the two readings. The
reading of the main scale gives the
measurement to the nearest whole main scale
division; the fractional part of a main scale
division is read on the circular scale. Since it
requires two revolutions of the screw to make
it advance a distance of one millimeter, it is
necessary always to be careful to note
whether the reading on the circular scale
refers to the first half or the second half of a
millimeter. The micrometer in the diagram
here is reading 7.75mm.
The micrometer should be checked for a zero
error, for it may not read zero when the jaws
are completely closed. In such cases a zero
correction has to be applied to every reading;
this correction may be either positive or
negative. The value of the zero reading is
obtained by rotating the screw until it comes
in contact with the anvil, and then noting the
reading on the circular scale.

A linked picture shown below…..

posted by: shaiful islam majumder
mechanical tech researcher, Dhaka BITAC, Dhaka
Bangladesh

Single point cutting tool

Cutting tool: cutting tohttps://db.tt/AofJfuZDs a crying need parts of a production machine. All operation of a mechanical productionable machine is not possible without a cutting tool.

When we think about a lathe, milling,drilling etc. then a cutter is be present on our eye!

A cutting tool is use to give a new shape on a metal. By this , a productable machine can make a new perts , without a cutting tool this is not possible.

So in one word we can say that ” cutting tool is a perts of a machine , by which a solid metal is become a compleate job with new shape”.

Types of cutting tool: Finally cutting tools are devide equal 2 parts 

1. Single point cutting tools

2. Multi point cutting tools

Here we are going to descrive about single point cutting tool in brief…

Single point cutting tool:

Single point cutting tool is used to cutting metals in lathe machine. 

It is a most important perts of a working lathe. Without a cutting tool a machine is workless.it is main perts of a lathe.

Single point cutting tool is made by verious metal . that’s are 1. High speed steel 

2. Toungsten steel 

3. High Carbon steel 

4. High cromium steel

Structure of single point cutting tool: a single point cutting tool have 8- 10 angles. That’s are, 

1.end cutting edge angle

2. side cutting edge angle

3. back rake angle

4. end relief angle 

5. side rake angle

6. side relief angle

7. nose angle

8. wedge angle 

 Angles are shown below on pics…

 Fig : single point cutting tool

Back rake angle is used to break continous chips, so that this can’t make trapic when operation going on.

for full description of single point cutting tool.
go this link to download this file -

http://db.tt/AofJfuZD

Eid Mubarak

Eid Mubarak to you all of my friends and fans from blogspot.com.........

What is screw Thread?

Screw thread: screw thread is a combined system a  wire and cylinder , which (wire) attached with a cylinder by twisting position and aggressive .
And it this twisted wire Help the cylinder to move through a fixed measured way!
  This is called screw thread.
Usually a screw threaded bolt use to pair two parts of a machine or elements.
this elements may be metallic or non-metallic.

Kinds: Generally, screw thread is two kinds by bounding system.
They are, 1.With Nut screw bolt 2. without nut screw bolt

1.With Nut screw thread: when two parts of machine have to pair,then use nuted type screw thread. There have  measured hole between two parts whiches are need pair.
The bolt access into the holes and Nut is be wired on Tail of bolt. so, there is become a joint!

2.without nut screw thread: when one part have to pair with another heavy part,then there is use without nut screw.
in main part have a hole with internal thread cutting for screw thread. screw threaded bolt access through auxiliary part's hole and be fixed with heavy part of joint.

Pitch : On a screw thread,One top of thread to another top of another single thread distance parallel measured is called pitch of screw thread.

Root: Down top of screw,when is be pair of two thread is called Root. showed in picture.

Helix: It is the curve traced by a particle, while describing a circular path at a uniform speed and advancing in the axial direction at a uniform rate. In other words, it is the curve traced by a particle while moving along a screw thread

Helix angle: It is the slope or inclination of the thread with the horizontal.
Mathematically,
tan alfa=lead of screw/circumference of screw

Lead: It is the distance, a screw thread advances axially in one turn.

Depth of thread: It is the distance between the top and bottom surfaces of a thread (also known as crest and root of a thread)

Single threaded screw: If the lead of a screw is equal to its pitch, it is known as single threaded screw.

Multi threaded screw:  If more than one thread is cut in one lead distance of a screw, it is known as multi-threaded screw.

by-Engr.shaiful islam majumder
research assistance of mechanical tech

Kitchen biogas plant

Name of project:   production biogas from kitchen waste.

Full working information of project:  The methanogens (methane producing micro-organisms) belong to a group of
bacteria called Archebacteria. They evolved when the earth’s atmosphere did not have
any oxygen. After the evolution of green plants, the oxygen content of the atmosphere
started to rise. Being unable to survive in an oxygen rich atmosphere, the methanogens
retreated to places that were devoid of oxygen. Today they are found in marshes, rice
paddies, at the bottom of water bodies and in the intestines of animals. They survive in
the intestines of animals by eating what the animals eat. The methanogens can easily
digest sugar, starch, fats and proteins. They can also digest cellulose, albeit rather
slowly, but they cannot digest lignin at all. Their digestive mechanism is similar to that of
many other organisms, up to the point of converting the food into acetic acid. In the case
of organisms breathing oxygen, the acetic acid gets converted into carbon dioxide and
water (CH3COOH+2O2 = 2CO2+2H2O), whereas the methanogens convert it into
methane and carbon dioxide (CH3COOH = CH4+CO2). The methanogens, are universally
present in the faeces of all animals, because they are thrown out of the body along with
the faeces. Faecal matter is not their food.
Because the methanogens can digest all forms of human food and also cellulosic
biomass, they are ideal for producing methane from kitchen waste. Because the
metanogens reside in the intestines of animals, they work optimally at temperatures
equal to the body temperature of animals, which is about 38C. They also need a medium
having pH value of around 7. At this temperature and pH, they can convert human food
into biogas within a period of about 24 hours. 1 kg (dry weight) of human food yields
about 1 kg (about 800 litres) biogas. To get the same quantity of biogas from dung, one
needs about 40 kg dung, and a fermentation period of about 40 days. Because of the
lower quantity of feedstock and lesser fermentation time, the size of the kitchen waste
biogas plant is much smaller than that utilising dung. According to theoretical
calculations, biogas should normally contain volumetrically about equal amounts of
methane and carbon dioxide, but actually the methane content is generally around 60%.
Pure methane has the same calorific value as LPG (about 11,000 kCal per kg), but
because of the presence of carbon dioxide, the calorific value of biogas is only about
4000 kCal per kg. Therefore, to get the same heat as from an LPG burner, a biogas
stove is designed to deliver volumetrically about 3 times as much gas per unit time as
LPG.
The waste material to be fed into a biogas plant should contain only digestible
organic material. Other organic products like plastic, rubber, petroleum, bones, hair,
horns, hooves or wood (i.e. lignin), cannot be digested by the methanogens. If highly
lignified material like agricultural waste is to be converted into methane, one has to use a
biphasic digester. In this system, the waste is first subjected to aerobic decomposition,
after which it is leached out with water and the leachate is fed into the anaerobic
digester. The aerobic organisms in the leachate die due to lack of oxygen in the
anaerobic digester and their cells serve the methanogens as food.
Operators of a biogas plant must keep in mind that this is a living system.
Introduction of any toxic or bactericidal material into the biogas plant would kill the
methanogens and the system would stop producing methane. Overfeeding should also
be avoided. A biogas plant harbours several other micro-organisms besides the
methanogens. If the biogas plant receives more feed than the digestive capacity of the
methanogens, the undigested food serves the non-methanogenic organisms as nutrition,
causing the latter to increase their numbers. Increase in the population density of nonmethanogenic
organisms causes reduction in that of the methanogens, inhibiting the
formation of methane.

Required metal and substances:
1. 20 gauge sheet- 48.9 square feet.
2. 18 gauge sheet- 12.6 square feet.
3. Pvc  pipe for inlet – Diameter 2.5 inch and Hight 6.5 feet.
4. Pvc  pipe for outlet – diameter 2 inch and Hight 1 feet.
5. Pvc  pipe for clean waste – diameter 2 inch and Hight 1 feet.
6. Hose pipe- dia 1 cm,  length 3.75 meter.
7. Stop nob- 2 pieces.
8. Gas pressure gauge-1 pieces.
9. Funnel- 1 pieces.
10. Albow  joint 1 pieces.
11. Gas welding torch and lead.
12. Red oxide – ½ kilogram.

Measurments  and calculations:
(A) Inlet pipe:
1. Hight – 6.5 feet
2. Diameter- 2.5 inch

(B) Digester tank:
1. Hight -1.8 meter.
2. Diameter – 0.75 meter.
3.   Cover plate- 0.44 square meter
4. Coller – 0.025*2.5 square meter

(C) Gas tank:
1. Hight -0.75 meter.
2. Diameter – 0.35 meter.
3.   Cover plate- 0.096 square meter
4. Coller – 0.025*1.09 square meter

(D) Outlet pipe:
1. Hight – 1 feet
2. Diameter – 2 inch

(E) Cleaner pipe:
1. Hight- 1 feet
2. Diameter- 2 inch\

(F) Hose pipe:
1. Length – 3.75 meter
2. Diameter – 1 cm

(G) Nozzel:
2 piece for 1 cm pipe.

Figure of plant:

Making process of plant:
1. At first buy required instruments of plant.
2. To cut sheets form sheet bar by measurment.
3. At first make cylindrical tank by using sheet roller for digester tank.
4. And now make cylindrical tank by using sheet roller for gas holder.
5. Now need to cut two sheet covers and two collars  for digester tank .
6. And now also need to cut two sheet covers and two collars  for gas tank .
7. Now go to make hole on sheet cover  , where need.
8. Now go to make joint on digester tank by seam joint with accessories by acitiline gas welding.
9. And then gas holder tank also joint by same system.
10. Joint inlet pipe with funnel.
11. Joint outlet pipe with tank.
12. Joint cleaner pipe with tank in below hole  of tank.
13. Joint inlet pipe in digester tank.
14. Joint  control switch with gas transfer pipe.
15. Connect digester tank and gas holder by gas transfer pipe.
16. Connect burner with gas holder.
17. Connect elbow with outlet pipe.

Description chart:
DESCRIPTION
FOR 0.53 CUBIC METER
Maximum food waste that can be accumonded
1-2
Gas production capacity
100 gm LPG  equvalant
Water required
12-20 lit per day (if operated by only food waste)
Labour  required cost
1500 TK
Approximate cost
12000 Tk

Operating process:
1. Everyday need to throw waste 1.5 to 2 kilogram(kitchen waste) with mixer 12-20 kg pure water.
2. Try to put digester tank in sun ray.
3. It will production gas after 20-22 days of first waste throw.
4. Must have system to bring out old wastes when drum is full.
5. Must need to check pressure of gas tank and use by visit properly.
6. And always check control valbe that open or close by system instruction.

Intentions of plant:
1. In our country even all over the world , fuel power is limited. by the demand for increasing people we are going to fall in great power crises. To protect this crises we can product gas equivalent by needless kitchen waste.
2. By this plant we can discrease  over pressure from minerals natural gas.
3. Proper   management for housekeeping kitchen waste.
4. Production gas by cheaper cost in house.
5. After product gas in plant, digested waste can be use as fertilizer in agriculture plant.

Advantages:

It generates a clean cooking fuel that can replace LPG.
It also generates organic fertilizer in the form of spent slurry.
It is easy to use and maintain because it is above ground.
There is no smell, mosquitoes, dogs, vermin, flies, etc.
All the organic waste is disposed off at source.
Payback period is expected to be 4-5 years only, whereas the life of the biogas
plant is 20 years.

Disadvantages:
1. If digests are not put in proper time in digest tank, it may not work.
2. After some months, if tank is not be cleaned it may not give proper efficiency.
3. If water is not be enough for adequate kitchen waste ,it may not work good.

Conclution:
At last I want to say that, where  fuel federation is fail in trouble to provide enough power to among people ,there this cheaper technology may bring a pure breath.

Production biogas from kitchen waste

Mechanical Technology
Feni polytechnic institute

Name of group members:
Shaiful islam majumder
Roll-465741 Registration- 360427
7th semester 1st shift
Mechanical technology
(Leader of this project)
e-mail:

(shaifulislammajumder@engineer.com)

Mohammad hasan
Roll-465713 Registration- 360440
7th semester 1st shift
Mechanical technology

Mejbha uddin
Roll-465718 Registration- 360427
7th semester 1st shift
Mechanical technology

Abu bakkar siddik
Roll-465749 Registration- 360427
7th semester 1st shift
Mechanical technology

Md.Ilias uddin
Roll-465733 Registration- 360384
7th semester 1st shift
Mechanical technology